Stress in Athletics Essay examples -- Sports Athletics Athletes Teams

Worry in Athletics In the Journal article by Mark H. Anshel, entitled Qualitative Validation of a Model For Coping With Acute Stress In Sports. Clarifies how stress influences competitors, and how they can go going to manage the issue, or adapt to the issue. The creator separates this into four classes. Initially, they need to see a boost or encountering an occasion, furthermore, evaluating that occasion as distressing, thirdly, utilizing either approach or shirking adapting procedures each comprising of either subjective or social methodologies, lastly instituting post-adapting action that comprises of either staying on task, reappraising the upsetting circumstance, analyzing the viability of the adapting technique, or withdrawing from further game support. Stress itself is a broadly contemplated trademark; it is characterized as an association between an individual and the general condition. Most exploration on stress is simply new, however has been a point throughout the previous 20 years. Yet, most new examinations on stress need to manage the adapting procedure. â€Å"Coping is the person’s cognizant endeavor at diminishing or dealing with the requests of a distressing occasion or extending the person’s assets to manage the occasion (Anshel, 2001).† Previous exploration by Gottlieb (1997) clarified â€Å"how adapting techniques identified with intense types of pressure vary from ceaseless pressure, and that numerous settings of incessant pressure don't end themselves to an occasion focused system of estimating adapting (pg...

The Scarlet Letter essay: Why was Dimmesdale’s Suffering Worse Than Hester’s?

In Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, Mr. Dimmesdale’s most noteworthy mystery is his transgression of infidelity with Hester Prynne. Mr. Dimmesdale expected that his spirit couldn't bear the disgrace of such an exposure due to his status as a significant good figure in the public eye. Therefore, he stays quiet about his way of life as Hester is openly scorned for their demonstration of infidelity. Regardless of his decision of blame over disgrace, Mr.Dimmesdale’s private self-exacted internal strife that is exacerbated by the torments of Roger Chillingworth, consumed his physical being and mental state, causing a lot more noteworthy enduring than Hester’s open disgrace of the red letter. A significant part of the anguish, physical and mental, that Arthur Dimmesdale suffers is self-caused because of the gigantic load of his feeling of remorse. Expecting that he would not have the option to hold up under the discipline from the general population, he decided to stay mysterious in his transgressions. In doing as such, he thought little of the measure of mental torment and enduring he would suffer by his own hand.By just admitting to himself, he doesn't satisfy the necessities of apology, for there is nobody to excuse him yet himself. He doesn't permit his still, small voice to be purified, and along these lines should live with his wrongdoings. His enthusiastic agony drives him to deliver torment with a â€Å"bloody scourge†, which he had regularly â€Å"plied all alone shoulders†(99). He delivers extraordinary physical torment notwithstanding his psychological torment. In the early Christian church, self-flogging was forced as a methods for compensation and cleaning for rebellious ministry and laity.In the good book, Proverbs relates that overwhelms â€Å"cleanse evil† and stripes wash the heart (Prov 20:30). He is attempting to reclaim and wash down himself without admission, yet this is incomprehensible. Through this self-mutilation, he endeavors to alleviate his psychological agony by incurring self torment; he locate this unacceptable on the grounds that he despite everything fails to participate in the most significant part of recovery, admission. He additionally thoroughly fasts, as another endeavor to wash down his spirit. Hawthorne composes, â€Å"it was his custom, as well, as it has been that of numerous different devout Puritans, to quick, †not, in any case, as them†¦Ã¢ but thoroughly, and until his knees trembled underneath him, as a demonstration of penance†(99).Religiously, fasting is generally utilized as a type of cleaning and spotlight on otherworldliness. By and by, he utilizes materially torment as an endeavor to assuage his psychological torment. By taking an interest in this ineffective purging, he just surrenders himself to more prominent mental torment; what he examined and knew to be a fix of blame and sin just intensifies his own. The circumst ance becomes miserable when his ways bomb him, and this destroys his strict convictions, which are the premise of his whole life.He faces a whole character emergency, and this is something Hester never needed to persevere. Indeed, she withstood her a lot of depression and enduring, yet never to the extraordinary where she went to self-mutilation to assuage herself. He endeavors to reclaim his discolored soul through different demonstrations of penitence, yet everything is futile in light of the fact that it is totally managed without an admission. His torment is all inside himself; he is his own avoiding, tattling townspeople and his own stone tossing youngsters. There is no place for him to hide.He is completely consumed by his wrongdoings and they destroy him. Hester, who’s openly tormented by others while around, however it may be similarly as frightful around then, is as yet lesser than Dimmesdale’s suufering. Hester has a break course. She has the shelter of her h ome outside of town, where she can escape from the tattle and disdain. She likewise openly grasps her responsibility in the undertaking, which permits her to acknowledge the discipline, proceed onward, and make something great out of it. Hester turns into a maternal figure for the network because of her experiences.She thinks about poor people and brings them food and attire. Before the finish of the novel, the disgrace of the red letter is a distant memory. She doesn’t owe anything to the townspeople any longer. Some even overlook what the red A rely on. Dimmesdale, then again, as an all around regarded serve, remains at the focal point of his locale, being the promoter of strict and good principles of that Puritan culture. He should stay around, apparently lecturing others about devotion and staying righteous, and inside feeling like an imposter.Dimmesdale understands his deficiency secluded from everything his transgression, yet his longing to atone is more than once defea t by his hankering for open endorsement. He is their ethical compass, yet he himself is lost. This drives Dimmesdale to additionally disguise his blame and self-discipline and prompts still more decay in his physical and profound condition. In light of Dimmesdale’s choice to stay mysterious, he unknowingly makes a duality in character inside himself that outcomes in the weakening of his psychological well-being.Dimmesdale, as the worshipped town serve, must keep up this division in character; he is continually lauded for his integrity and requested good and profound counsel, while he is wild inside. Hester is liberated to be whom she satisfies. The townspeople don't trust Dimmesdale’s protestations of wickedness. Given his experience and his affection for explanatory discourse, Dimmesdale’s assembly for the most part deciphers his lessons allegorically as opposed to as articulations of any close to home guilt.He sets up the strict importance of his words to cont end with the setting in which he talks them. Dimmesdale's manner of speaking, his situation as pastor, his notoriety for being a virtuous man, and the class of the message permit him to state, â€Å"I am the best miscreant among you,† however be comprehended to be modest, devout, and faithful. His internal identity is frantically attempting to admit, however his self worried about open appearance just permits him to do it such that he wont be taken actually. He is basically at war with himself.By staying mystery, Dimmesdale destined himself to a lot more prominent enduring than if he somehow managed to be openly censured with Hester in light of the fact that he exposed himself to long stretches of self-torment and an unflinching mission for hopeless atonement. The job of Roger Chillingsworth in Dimmesdale’s torment enhances the agony of the wrongdoing, causing a lot more prominent enduring than Hester who just communicated with the specialist on scanty events. As his n ame proposes, Roger Chillingworth is a man inadequate of human warmth. His contorted, stooped, disfigured shoulders reflect his misshaped soul.Under the pretense of another specialist around with healthy goals towards the youthful clergyman and his wellbeing, Chillingsworth gains his trust and they move in together shaping extremely impossible to miss mutually dependent relationship. Chillingworth needs Dimmesdale to feed his acumen and to be the object of his fanatical want that he can control and at last wreck; Dimmesdale needs Chillingworth to keep his blame alive, the consistent inciting from the specialist for Dimmesdale to uncover his internal sin powers Dimmesdale to be continually helped to remember his offenses. Chillingworth resembles a parasite. He drains Mr.Dimmesdale’s life power out of wiped out requirement for reparation for Dimmesdale’s activities against him. Dimmesdale is subliminally mindful of his reliance of Chillingworth, for he can't and doesn't split away. Their relationship is depicted in this statement, â€Å"Nevertheless, time went on; a sort of closeness, as we have stated, grew up between these two developed personalities, which had as wide a field as the entire circle of human idea and study to meet upon; they examined each subject of morals and religion, of open issues, and private character; they talked a lot, on the two sides, of issues that appeared to be close to home to themselves..â€Å"(P#). Chillingworth lived and flourished off the agony and blame he continually caused on Dimmesdale, and in a wound way Dimmesdale depended on this mental torment to promote his self-exacted look for pardoning. The job of Roger Chillingsworth in Dimmesdale’s torment escalates Dimmesdale’s enduring, causing Dimmesdale to suffer inconceivably more than Hester who had the option to stay away from the malevolent specialist. Some contend that it was Hester who endured the most all through the novel. They state that as a result of her wrongdoing Hester got confined from the others in her society.They embody this with the statement, â€Å"Who had been naturally familiar with Hester Prynne, were presently dazzle as though they observed her just because was the Scarlet Letter, so incredibly weaved and lit up upon her chest. It had the impact of an illuminate taking her of the normal relations with humankind and encasing her in a circle without anyone else. â€Å"(61). She turned out to be forlorn, and the red letter was a weight that Hester needed to convey ordinarily of her life, and the image, which disconnected her from some other human being.It caused Hester to be shunned, however Dimmesdale's weakness in not admitting lead at last, to his demise. Hester had a repulsive discipline: she needed to wear a red letter for an amazing remainder. Yet, Dimmesdale's inward battle with his own weakness and blame was far more awful than a red letter. He endured the most as he continually rebuffed himsel f for his transgression. In spite of the fact that Hester endured the open discipline she managed it well and accepted it, at last making a positive job for herself in the network and changing the importance of the red letter.She had the option to present appropriate reparations and in time through great deeds, change the significance of the red letter from â€Å"adulteress† to â€Å"able†. Dimmesdale then again, needs to consistently hold up under their transgression within him never permitting it to get open. He was never allowed the chance to make harmony with himself. Rather than taking his retribution freely he does it secretly. He had to proceed

New This Week Cause and Effect Graphic Organizers

New This Week Cause and Effect Graphic Organizers This week, TeacherVision advisory board member, Ronnie, has created three graphic organizers you can use to teach your students cause and effect. There is an organizer for grades K-1, an organizer for grades 2-3, and an organizer for grades, 3-4. These organizers will save you time. All you need to do is download and print.   Why Teaching Cause and Effect Matters Understanding the concept of cause and effect can strengthen students’ reading comprehension. Introducing to students that the cause is the reason why something happened, and the effect is what happens as a result is an important concept to teach students. When students are able to understand and articulate what happens in a text, and why it happens, they are showing evidence of critical thinking and reading comprehension. Here are three graphic organizers for supporting students to identify the cause and effect. Each organizer becomes more complex, and asks students to expand their thinking.     Teaching Tip In order to best meet each student where s/he is at, consider varying the organizer that you give each student. Some students may need to start at a more basic level, and others might be ready to deepen their thinking. The grade levels on each organizer are suggestions.     Teaching Tip Consider using one of these graphic organizers as a pre-assessment before you teach cause and effect. You will be able to learn what students already know, and what they still need to learn. This will help you prepare thoughtful lessons.   Teaching Tip Model the process of identifying the cause and effect for your students, and provide them with a completed graphic organizers that serves as an exemplar. When students are stuck, they can refer to the example, and use it to help them get started.     Cause and Effect Graphic Organizer (K-1)     Cause and Effect Graphic Organizer (2-3)     Cause and Effect Graphic Organizer (4-5)       How do you teach cause and effect? Share with us on Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, and Pinterest. Author Bio Ronnie Eyre has taught 5th grade in South Florida for the last eight years. She teaches in a self-contained classroom and makes sure all lessons are thoughtful, engaging, and thematic. When Ronnie isn't recording podcasts, or working to support teachers around the world, she is traveling with her husband and her son. You can find her podcast, Close The Door and Teach on Spotify and iTunes and read her blogs on A Teacher's Wonderland.

Critical Thinkings on Sustainable Development

The world commission on environment defines sustainable development as development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising on the ability of future generations to survive. (OECD, 1987) Sustainable development emphasizes on the importance of quality of life and ensures that the decisions made by individuals and corporations today, take into consideration the social, economic and environmental issues without negatively impacting on the future generations’ ability to sustains itself. It’s thus built on these three major pillars that must be taken into consideration when developing a long term plan to meet the goals and objectives of sustainable development (Environment: Canada, 2002). Sustainable development in the world will be achievable if a couple of issues are addressed. These include: climate change, water quality and availability, clean air, wild life conservation, protection of the ecological system and biological resources. The general thinking in the world today has been that only corporations have been at the forefront in environmental degradation and thus should entirely be responsible in addressing sustainable development. While this may be partly true, it must be understood that each one of us has played a role in the problems that the world is experiencing today in one ways or another and should thus be actively involved in the sustainable development efforts (Environmental and Natural Resource Management, 2010). The quest for sustainable development in the world has witnessed the involvement of many companies. Unilever, a global manufacturing company, for instance has made a landmark in many nations in its efforts to conserve resources. It has been involved in a number of activities all geared towards improving the quality of human life. It has done this by initiating or sponsoring conservation efforts in many parts of the world and especially Canada, India and many parts of Africa. Its recent effort has been launching and assisting in many projects that address water consumption at the local, regional and global frontiers. In Canada for instance, Unilever is behind the creation of a marketing campaign that advises customers on how to save water. (Unilever,† Canada: education of consumer on water conservation†, 2010) It has also been involved in the reduction of liquid discharge (Unilever, â€Å"Our every day needs†, 2010). This project involves the treatment of effluents and creation of water for irrigation and it has been a huge success in India. Unilever has also been involved in the clean up of Lake Constance that borders Germany, Austria and Switzerland. The efforts by Unilever and many other multinationals are not and have not, however, been sufficient enough to meet the diverse needs for sustainable development as proven by the still persistent need for on going efforts towards sustainable development. Since each one of us contributes to the environment in one way or the other, its imperative that more efforts should be directed towards this end. This can only be done through partnerships amongst the stake holders. We can address these issues by partnering with the multinationals in the efforts to attain sustainable development  Ã‚   at personal, local and national levels. Partnerships between and among multinationals in the coordination of efficient production activities will go along way in addressing the sustainable development issues (CESD, 2007). Partnerships with governments, political stakeholders, individuals and non governmental organizations will also create lasting changes in the way things are done, creating efficiencies in production and consumption. This could be done through the institution of policies and legislation that ensures that there are laws that guide the code of behavior in individuals and corporations regarding the use of resources (Unilever: Our sustainability strategy, 2010). References CESD (2007). Sustainable Development Strategies. Canada: Commissioner of the Environment and Sustainable Development Environmental and Natural Resource Management. (2010). Climate change and water program. Retrieved Nov 1,2010 from http://www.idrc.ca/en/ev-155392-201-1-DO_TOPIC.html Unilever. (2010). Sustainable development overview 2009.   1-36. Retrieved from http://www.unilever.com/mediacentre/?WT.GNAV=Media_centre Environment Canada (2002). Threats to Water Availability in Canada. Canada: Environment Canada, National Water Research Institute. Unilever. (2010). Our sustainability strategy. Retrieved Nov 1, 2010 from http://www.unilever.com/sustainability/strategy/?WT.GNAV=Our_sustainability_strategy

Restorative Justice And Reducing Prison Population

Restorative Justice to Reduce Prison Population Is long-term incarceration working to resolve issues of criminal conduct? When considering the population of people incarcerated is rising at an alarming rate and crime statistics not dropping by much, it is hard to tell if incarceration is working in these modern times. The United States prison population is the largest in the world. In fact, the United States has 2.3 million persons in institutions which is more than the rest of the world combined (Wagner p. 2). Crime overall as decreased in the last 30 years with the introduction of rehabilitation programs but these programs are not universal. While serious crimes require serious punishment, most people that are incarcerated should be†¦show more content†¦Doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results is considered by many as insanity. All over the country new programs are being tried to slow or reduce the recidivism the system experiences. A program in Oklahoma City OK, has created the first m ental health court in the Southwest United States. Deborah Smith Bailey states in her article, The model has proven so successful that, since the nation s first drug court was established in 1989 in Miami, 946 drug courts have been implemented, and another 441 are in the planning stages, according to the National Association of Drug Court Professionals(Bailey p.6). I want to use stats like these to help show the real effect on the lives of people in the programs. According to Deborah Bailey, some of the ways these programs are getting funding currently are non-traditional. Funding is coming from the private sector because the public system is not completely on board with these programs at the present time and not as willing to experiment. The article ends speaking about how everyone is effected positively with these programs so far (Bailey p.28). These programs have started the conversation and will help build support for a universal model used by all communities just as theShow MoreRelatedRestorative Justice For The Prisons1378 Words   |  6 Pagesgot released from the prisons? And how many effective programs can be helpful for them?Many posts-release prisoners have experienced recidivism and social stigmas due to lack of programs. In fact, restorative justice for people in prison has played a big role in our correctional systems in many different ways.Restorative justice in prison shapes our prisoner s morals and abilities by providing a suitable technique. Although punishment may play a part in restorative justice techniques, the centralRead MoreThe Justification For Imprisonment781 Words   |  4 Pagesthat have been committed. Most of these methods have had severe pitfalls in the effort to reduce prison populations, ranging from corporal punishment, deterrence and incapacitation, restorative justice, rehabilitation and reform, to reintegration methods. In my mind, the most cost efficient and effective punishment for crimes that are not considered serious violent crimes would be the restorative justice, the rehabilitation and reform method, and teaching offenders affective reintegration skills. Read MoreThe Failing Punitive System Of Today s Society1298 Words   |  6 PagesInstitute of Technology, â€Å"The Price of Prisons†). With statistics that frightening, how can we be expected to treat criminals like functioning members of society when statistics prove otherwise? We must change the facts. Throug h the decrease of the maximum time in Solitary confinement, the creation of serious accountability for guards and those who work in the system, and through the creation of a more restorative program, we can improve our judicial branch, reducing the recidivism rate by more than 50Read More Community Based Corrections: Viable Alternative to Incarceration1679 Words   |  7 Pageswhich community corrections reduce cost, prison populations, and decreases this rate judges should disposition to these programs in lieu of incarceration (Honarvar, 2010). The state spends taxpayer money on building correctional facilities and staff to supervise offenders, while the research shows reduced recidivism rates when community service and other alternative methods of rehabilitation are used (Hovarvar, 2010). However, to maintain the balance of justice and rehabilitation, society demands incarcerationRead MoreThe United States Faces Excessive Mass Incarceration1618 Words   |  7 Pageslargest pr ison population in the world and the second highest incarceration rate per-capita (1 in 100 citizens is behind bars). While you are certainly familiar with these statistics, I would like to emphasize that using incarceration as the primary response to social problems, as is happening today in the United States, impacts the incarcerated, their families and neighborhoods, as well as costing Maryland taxpayers millions of dollars annually. We must enact policies that downscale the prison populationRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System Is Not Driven By Welfare And Justice2175 Words   |  9 Pagesorder to maintain a fair and just society. Therefore, it is the juvenile justice system’s responsibility to establish institutions and legislation to protect the important role that young people play in society. The system should also be driven by welfare and justice concerns as young people have special needs in regards to their age, and their physical, emotional and social development. It is essential that these welfare and justice concerns are addressed effectively by the system in order for youngRead MoreThe Time Of Early Human Civilization3258 Words   |  14 Pagesindividuals living in correctional facilities across the United States has reached unprecedented numbers which is described by many scholars a period of â€Å"mass imprisonment† (Garland 2001). According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics as of 2013, the American Correctional Population was estimated at 6,899,000 persons under the supervision of adult correction systems at year end of 2013, which was a decline of about 41,500 from 2012 (2013). It is also important to note that about two-thirds (67.8%)Read MoreThe Articles Of Cullen And Jonson1240 Words   |  5 Pagesexplains, 1 in every 100 American adults is behind bar and 1 in 31 is under someone form of correctional control. In the United States there are more than 1.6 million offenders imprisoned in state and federal institutions. Also the incarcerated population surpasses 2.4 million and there more than 828,000 people on parole, so inference there are 7.4 million Americans under the supervision of the correctional system. Throughout class, we have learned that the goals of the criminal punishment systemRead MoreRestorative Justice Policy Proposal for Juvenile Justice System2875 Words   |  12 Pagesofficers, judges, prosecutors as well as other juvenile professi onals are advocating for a juvenile justice system which is greatly based on restorative justice. These groups of people have been frustrated by the policy uncertainty between retribution and treatment as well as unrealistic and unclear public expectations. As a primary mission, the balanced approach or policy allows juvenile justice systems together with its agencies to improve in their capacity of protecting the community and ensuringRead MoreThe Key Drivers Of Growth Behind Our Prison Population939 Words   |  4 PagesThe primary purpose of prison is to protect the community and rehabilitate the offender (Smart Justice, 2015). Research has indicated that prison fails to do this and instead can increase the rate of reoffending (Smart Justice, 2015). Prison does not address the causes of the person’s criminal offending. Imprisonment is designed to be a sentence of last resort, yet we are building more prisons at an ever increasing rate (Smart Justice, 2015). In Victoria, annually, the prison system cost more than

Little Mermaid Free Essays

This is the story of a little mermaid named Ariel, who dreams of going above the sea. When her father, King Triton, forbids her to go above the sea, she visits Queen Ursula who her father had banished. Even though she helps her get to get above the sea, what Ariel doesn’t know is that Ursula has plans to destroy her to get revenge on her father. We will write a custom essay sample on Little Mermaid or any similar topic only for you Order Now Ariel uses her voice to get the prince attention. In this paper I will use theories to summarize Little Mermaid movie. I believe Ariel is at stage 6 of Erickson`s theory because she is now at the age where she think she know what love is. Her father forbid her to go above the sea but the love she had for the prince caused he to defy what her father instructed. Ariel was determined and will not let nothing stop her. She went into a stage of isolation everything she did or thought about was revolved around getting married to the prince. She had other sisters and a father but whenever it was time for the other mermaids to sing or put on an show, little Ariel was no where to be found. When her Father learned of her defying his word, he was angry. Ariel took matters in her own hand, by consulting with the wicked Queen alone. Yes granted the wicked Queen Ursula made Ariel human, but at what cost? The cost was her voice (operant conditioning). Not really understanding how she would get the prince to know her because she was unable to talk, Ariel used her looks to entice the prince. She was like some typical teenagers today. Ariel’s father wanted to reinforce a positive behavior (not allowing her to go above the sea, for her safety), but Ariel acted out in a negative way (she went above the sea anyway). Ariel performed a voluntary action to get something she wanted (operant behavior). Growing up as the youngest of her other five sisters, Ariel felt a sense of inferiority to her older sister. They were all able to go above the sea but she was not because of her age (industry vs inferiority, Erikson’s Psychosocial Stages of Development). The feeling of inferiority that Ariel felt was so strong, that she felt the need to go above the see everyday. In Piaget’s theory which states as a person goes through life Ariel was so determined to become a human that she imitated and idiolized what humans did. Each time she woud visit above the sea she would come back with a keepsake that humans used(comb, fork, and even the statue that fell off the prince’s boat during a storm one particular day. This type of behavior How to cite Little Mermaid, Papers

Greening Organizational Behavior

Question: Discuss about the Essay for Greening Organizational Behavior? Answer: Comparison between organizational structures According to Altman et al. (2013), practices, policies, principles and values of an organization develop its culture. That is why; based on different policies and principles, different cultures are formed which are, Normative culture: In this type of organizational culture, procedures of an organization are predefined. Besides, the rules and regulations are developed based on existing guidelines. ragmatic culture: In this type of organizational culture, more focus is put on the clients and external stakeholders. Providing better customer services is the main motive of this type of organizational culture (Andersson et al. 2013). Academy culture: In this culture, organizations recruit skilled individuals and responsibilities of those individuals are set based on background, work experience and educational qualification. Educational organizations such as universities and hospitals practice such a culture. Club culture: Companies that follow this culture are very particular about the employees they hire. Employees are hired as per their specialization, interest and educational qualification. Fortress culture: Employees who work in this organizational culture are not sure about their career and longevity. Employees are easily terminated if they fail to perform according to the demand of the management. Tough person culture: Feedbacks play a major role in this type of organizational culture. Higher authority of organizations who follow this culture regularly review and monitor performances of the employees. Team managers are appointed to converse quarries with the team members and help them to provide guidance when required. Employees in are under continuous surveillance in such a culture (Fisher and To 2012). Bet your company culture: Some organizations like to take higher amount of risk where consequences are unanticipated. These organizations mostly follow bet your company culture. The rules and regulations of such organization are formulated to address susceptible issues. Therefore, it takes time to cultivate positive results in these types of organizations. Process culture: According to McShane and Von Glinow (2012), employees in this type of organizational culture stick to the methods and procedures of that organization. In these type of organizational culture feedbacks and presentation reviews do not matter. Employees are forced to follow rules and regulations. They are also forced to follow the ideologies of the workplace. Organizational structure According to Morgeson et al. (2013), there are seven types of organizational structures which are here by mentioned below, Line organization: In this type of organizational structures, direct and vertical relationships between different levels of the firm are seen. Advantage: It promotes faster decision-making and this structure is simple to understand. Disadvantage: This structure denies specialists in planning and it overloads key persons. Functional authority organizational structure: Jobs in this type of organizational structure are divided as line position and staff position. Line position is a chain of command that stays responsible for the achievement of a companys goal. On the other hand, staff position is intended to provide expertise, advice and support for the line position (Nahavandi et al. 2013). Line and staff organizational culture: Most of the large companies have direct and vertical relationship among different levels. They also have specialists accountable for advising and assisting line managers. Divisional organizational structure: In this type of organizational structure, different factors influence its departments, which are function, geographic, product, combination approach and project. Project organizational structure: These types of organizations are temporary and are designed to gain particular results by using teams of specialists from dissimilar functional areas. Here work is defined by a particular goal and target date for completion. Matrix organizational structure: This type of organizations is permanent in nature and uses a horizontal set of divisions and reporting relationships onto a hierarchical functional structure. Hybrid organizational structure: In this type of organizational structure, corporate and divisional goals are aligned together to reach functional and operational efficiency. Adaptability and flexibility are the biggest advantages of this type of organizational structure ((Nahavandi et al. 2013). Relationship between an organizations structure and culture can impact on the performance of the business Organizational structure and culture are the most important elements that help a company to achieve their marketing goals and targets (Andersson, Jackson and Russell 2013). If a company operates by concentrating on these aspects, it is obvious that it will attract more customers. Organizational culture helps to develop organizational structure, which in turn influences a firms capability to apply required alteration efficiently. Organizational culture describes the way workers entire task interrelates with each other in the association. The cultural model includes a variety of values, beliefs, rituals, and symbols that govern the working style of the people in the company (Andersson, Jackson and Russell 2013). It can be said that corporate culture binds the workforce together which in turn helps the company to find the proper direction. On the other hand, organizational structure helps the employees to work without stress and pressure. As it is discussed earlier that organizational s tructure is responsible for employee motivation and employee motivation in turn drives the employees to perform their best, there is no doubt that a good structure serves to provide better performance in an organization. Factors which influence the behavior of individuals in an organization The most important factors influencing behavior of a person in an association are leadership strategies of managers, work culture, job responsibilities, efficient communication and relationship at work (Andersson, Jackson and Russell 2013). Managers or leaders of a company must always help and guide their team members in their day-to-day operations. It is observed that employees do not feel like going to work if their bosses are strict. On the other hand, if the work place offers same rules and regulation for every employee and offers a comfortable and positive work culture, employees will be encouraged. If employees are allowed to do what best they can perform, it will encourage them to upgrade their skills time to time. Effective communication between managers and employees also cultivates great results while influencing ones behavior. If managers and leaders of a company do not communicate regularly with their employees, they will feel left out and will lose their interest in work . Mangers must consult with his employees before taking any major or even minor decision. When employees will be allowed to share their views and problems with the higher authority, they will understand that the company is thinking about them and they will feel encouraged. Besides, it is important to have friends at the workplace. An individual needs people around him to talk, discuss and share experiences. It is not possible to work in isolation. If a company does not allow its employees to interact with fellow workers, it will create stress at workplace. To, Mr. Smith The Director Scoops n Smiles Ltd., Subject: Leadership strategy in your organization Respected Sir, This letter is to notify about the leadership strategy which is followed in your organization and the possible impacts of it. Your organization strictly follows an autocratic leadership style because the views and suggestions of the employees are kept unnoticed at the time of making any decision. This decision-making style is also known as authority decision making style in which the higher authority solely decides what to do without considering the needs of the employees. From the background of some successful organizations, it can be said that authoritative decision-making can cause severe damage to your organization. It is strongly recommended that Scoops n Smiles should follow a democratic or participative decision-making style to collect the comments of their employees. Steve Jobs was once forced to resign from Apple as he became an autocratic leader and started to take decisions on his own. At that time Apple experienced their worst time in the industry as the company lost the trust and loyalty of its employees. Later Steve Jobs came back to the company after ten years with a new strategy, which was the participative leadership strategy. He hired and allowed other leaders of the company such as Jonathan Ivy and Tim Cook to take some major decisions. He also communicated with the employees to note down their thoughts before making any decision. As a result, Apple has become one of the most successful organizations in the world. There are some other management styles which are commonly used in various organizations according to their targets and goals. Some of those management styles are hereby discussed so that authority of Scoops n Smiles can pick the perfect management styles for their organization. Democratic or participative style of management is already discussed. Besides, democratic style, some famous management styles are Directive management style, Affiliative management style, Pacesetting management styles and Coaching. Directive management style allows the manager to control the employees closely by implementing several disciplines and threats to motivate them. This management style is activated when the organization is going through a crisis and any deviation is risky. When employees of an organization are not well developed, this management style threatens them to improve their working style. On the other hand, affiliative management style serves to establish harmony among the employees and bet ween managers and employees. This management styles helps the authority to avoid conflicts among the employees while keeping a good personal relationship within the organization. This management style is used with other management styles for counseling and helping the employees so that they can implement their own styles to complete a work. Pacesetting management style has the objective of accomplishing tasks with a higher standard of excellence. The manager of a company where this management style is followed performs many tasks personally and asks the employees to follow his example. This management styles is activated when employees are highly motivated and competent, no direction and coordination is required to show the right way to the employees. However, this management style is not welcomed in an organization where workload requires assistance from others and employees need coaching and coordination. Another management style is coaching that follows the lead of the development manager of an organization. This style helps the employees to develop their strengths and improve their performances. It is recommended that, according to the goals and objectives of Scoops n Smiles Ltd., senior authorities can choose any of these management styles to grow their business in the near future. However, using autocratic management style will not help the organization as it will discourage the employees which will hamper the overall performance. Yours Faithfully, (Name of the Student) Organizational theories Scientific management: This management theory is also known as Taylorism and it serves to analyze and synthesize workflows. According to Powell and DiMaggio (2012), main objectives of scientific management are to enhance economic efficiency, especially labor productivity. The biggest advantage of scientific management would be figuring out how much time it would take to complete a task by the employees. If the calculated time is much more than expected time then amount of time can be decreased by removing any potential waste in the workers process. Time studies in this theory involve breaking down each job into sub parts, timing each element and rearranging the parts in to the most efficient method of working. Human relations approach: Experts of human relations tried to combine psychology and sociology with management. According to Andersson, Jackson and Russell (2013), an organization can be called as a social system of interpersonal and inter group relationship. That is when human relations approach was introduced that includes some principles such as, Human beings are not only interested in financial gains but they also wants recognition and approval. Each worker must be treated as normal human being as they are not machines. Therefore, higher authorities must try to understand their feelings. In any organization, workers do not like inner conflicts; therefore, managers should try to avoid supervision and should have control over workers. Administrative theory: This theory works to figure out a lucid way to design an organization as a whole. This theory develops a dignified administrative structure, a clear division of workers and allocation of power and influence to administrators. Fourteen principles of this theory are division of work, discipline, unity of direction, authority, subordination of individual interests to genera interest, unity of command, centralization, order, remuneration, scalar chain, initiative, equity, esprit de corps, and stability of tenure of personnel. Use of scientific management The best example of an organization that has gained success after using scientific management is Burger King. Training, reward systems including a stable work environment has improved the efficiency of the employees of Burger King. Regular monitoring of performance has helped the organization to avoid under working. It have also helped to standardize job activities. Use of human relations approach Human resource managements of an organization use human relation approaches to keep the motivation of the employees at high. Different organization use different approaches such as some of the organizations implement incentives and bonuses for the employees who perform properly. Some organizations provide non-financial rewards such as holidays, transports and health checkups. Use of administrative theory Administrative manager are the senior managers and leads of an organization that are responsible for making information flow and decision-making. They make sure that the system is running properly and in effective manner. Administrative management theory provides importance to formal organizations by using five major functions which are planning, coordinating, organizing, controlling and commanding (Andersson, Jackson and Russell 2013). Understanding the ways of using motivational theories in the Organization Discussing the impact of different leadership style on motivation in the organization in the period of change Altman, Valenzi and Hodgetts (2013) have stated that leadership is the link through which an individual manipulates the activities of other persons in an association. Therefore, different leadership styles automatically leave an impact on the employee motivation in the organization in the period of change. Autocratic Leadership: This autocratic leadership style is one that leaders have absolute power over their workers or the team. These types of leaders instruct the people what to do rather than asking for the opinions of the employees. Some of the organizations use autocratic leadership styles, as the nature of the business demands this leadership style (Andersson, Jackson and Russell 2013). Democratic Leadership: Daily, Bishop and Maynard-Patrick (2013) have said that the democratic leaders make the last decision and in the entire decision-making process, encourage all the employees to take part. It has been seen that this leadership style is accepted, as it helps to boost job satisfaction of the employees by involving all the team members. Laissez-faire leadership: This style states where the managers observe that all the members in the organization are working on their own. It has been seen that most of the organizations in the present day work under laissez-faire leadership approach, where the employees enjoy the power and at the same time they determine the goals and the objectives in a short time basis (Fisher and To 2012). Comparing the application of different motivational theories within the workplace Fox et al. (2012) has said that motivation theories can be classified extensively into two different viewpoints and they are content theories and motivation theories. It has been found that content theories give importance on what motivates individually and on the other hand, process theories shed focus on the real process of motivation. McShane and Von Glinow (2012) have stated that motivation is one of the complex factors that is influenced by withdrawals as well as reinforced by the multiple factors. Maslow has put forward a theory that states that there are five levels of human needs that the employees are required to fulfill at work. In contrast, Herzbergs theory proposes that there are two essential needs of each person including hygiene factors and motivation factor. Therefore, it can be said that some of the differences exist in the motivational theories within the workplace and these have been explained herein detail (Moore et al. 2012). Effectiveness of the motivational theory for the managers in the real life Morgeson et al. (2013) has said that motivation is to encourage the employees in the workplace to work properly and independently in order to get the best result. It can be said that the employees in the organization are required to be treated with proper assiduousness and the managers have to stay friendly and at the same time is required to maintain a level of distance with the staffs. The staffs look at the managers as leaders and thus the employees expect maturity, understanding and rationality from the managers. Nahavandi et al. (2013) have stated that some of the common practices like calling people by their first name, chatting with them, bringing the feelings of belongingness helps a lot to create a smooth relationship among the managers and the employees (Nelson and Quick 2012) Understanding mechanisms for developing effective teamwork in the organizations Explanation of the nature of groups and the behavior of the groups within an organization Pentland and Hrem (2015) have declared that, there are two types of teams in organizations and they are the formal group and informal group. It is important to mention that a group in the organization passes through five major lifestyle stages and they are forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning. Therefore, it can be easily said that the members of a team can be easily measured through these five stages. Forming states the first entry of the member to the team, the norming stage is a point when the team begins to come in collaboration as a corresponding unit. Performing stage defines the appearance of a mature, structured and well-functioning team. Adjourning stage is specifically significant for the transitory teams. Therefore, it is no doubt for saying that all the teams act separately in the organization (Spector and Meier 2014). Discussing the factors that promote and slow down the development of the effective teamwork in organizations Factors promoting the development of the effective teamwork in organizations Diversity: Symon and Cassell (2012) have stated that an effective team welcomes a diversity of culture along with talents and personalities. Diversity has the potentiality to promote creativity and innovation and at the same time raises awareness and respect for others. Communication: Tyler (2014) has explained that effective teamwork is largely facilitated by a clear as well as an open communication and thus all the team members are required to be aligned to the targets, timelines and responsibilities of the organization. Leadership: Effective leadership supports a powerful teamwork and all the team members benefit from several sources of inspiration and direction. Powerful leadership helps the organization to achieve success easily in most of the organizations (Vivek 2016). Factors slowing down the development of the effective teamwork in organizations Underprivileged Communication: Poor communication is one of the barriers of developing a work atmosphere. Weick (2012) has said that the team members who do not communicate properly in the organization can create breakdown, which most of the times inhibit team development. Uncertain Goals: A work team is created to achieve organizational goals and objectives and thus the goals and the objectives are required to be created properly. If the goals are not presented properly by the management, then the team cannot work properly to achieve the desired result. Lack of Managerial involvement: Morgeson et al. (2013) has said that managers in the company are responsible to make a qualified staff members and lack of this capacity hampers the growth of the organization. Management must not delegate responsibility and thus must work as a source of teamwork to the team members of the organization. An evaluation of the impact of technology on team functioning Fox et al. (2012) has said that technology has enhanced the communication within the team members and communication assists in creating better team. Morgeson et al. (2013) have mentioned some of the impacts of technology on the team functioning and they are as follows. Better Communication: Technology has helped in the enhancing of team building, and of lately all the employees in the organization stay connected with each other in the organization. Business Strategies: McShane and Von Glinown (2012) has stated that technologies help the group members for making improved business strategies and the appearance of IT technology has provided several innovative chances to the group members of the organization. Better organizational culture: Technology has helped in building better organizational culture and in most of the organizations, organizational culture is advanced by keeping open communication within the team members. Efficient Productivity: Nahavandi et al. (2013) have stated that utilization of technology is the center of every industry. All the organizations are required to focus on proper blending of conventional skills and the application of information technology for improving the entire efficiency in the organization. Management Process: It has been found that technologies in the present day are helping the team of an organization to maintain some important tasks like preserving database, business via online media and market surveys. These activities are executed more competently in a short time with the use of technology (Nahavandi et al. 2013). Therefore, it can be stated that technology has been gradually leaving a strong impact on team performance of the organizations. References Altman, S., Valenzi, E. and Hodgetts, R.M., 2013.Organizational behavior: Theory and practice. Elsevier. Andersson, L., Jackson, S.E. and Russell, S.V., 2013. Greening organizational behavior: An introduction to the special issue.Journal of Organizational Behavior,34(2), pp.151-155. Daily, B.F., Bishop, J.W. and Maynard-Patrick, S., 2013. Practicing What We Teach: Applying Organizational Behavior Theory to Academic Success.Journal of Managerial Issues,25(1), p.8. Fisher, C.D. and To, M.L., 2012. Using experience sampling methodology in organizational behavior.Journal of Organizational Behavior,33(7), pp.865-877. Fox, S., Spector, P.E., Goh, A., Bruursema, K. and Kessler, S.R., 2012. The deviant citizen: Measuring potential positive relations between counterproductive work behaviour and organizational citizenship behaviour.Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,85(1), pp.199-220. McShane, S. and Von Glinow, M., 2012.Organizational behavior. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Moore, C., Detert, J.R., Klebe Trevio, L., Baker, V.L. and Mayer, D.M., 2012. Why employees do bad things: Moral disengagement and unethical organizational behavior.Personnel Psychology,65(1), pp.1-48. Morgeson, F.P., Aguinis, H., Waldman, D.A. and Siegel, D.S., 2013. Extending corporate social responsibility research to the human resource management and organizational behavior domains: A look to the future.Personnel Psychology,66(4), pp.805-824. Nahavandi, A., Denhardt, R.B., Denhardt, J.V. and Aristigueta, M.P., 2013.Organizational behavior. SAGE Publications. Nel, P., du Plessis, A., Fazey, M., Erwee, R., Pillay, S., Mackinnon, B.H., Wordsworth, R. and Millet, B., 2012. Human resource management in Australia and New Zealand. Nelson, D. and Quick, J., 2012.Organizational behavior: Science, the real world, and you. Cengage Learning. Pentland, B.T. and Hrem, T., 2015. Organizational Routines as Patterns of Action: Implications for Organizational Behavior.Annu. Rev. Organ. Psychol. Organ. Behav.,2(1), pp.465-487. Powell, W.W. and DiMaggio, P.J. eds., 2012.The new institutionalism in organizational analysis. University of Chicago Press. Robbins, S., Judge, T.A., Millett, B. and Boyle, M., 2013.Organisational behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. Rurkkhum, Suthinee, and Kenneth R. Bartlett. "The relationship between employee engagement and organizational citizenship behaviour in Thailand."Human Resource Development International15, no. 2 (2012): 157-174. Spector, P.E. and Meier, L.L., 2014. Methodologies for the study of organizational behavior processes: How to find your keys in the dark.Journal of Organizational Behavior,35(8), pp.1109-1119. Symon, G. and Cassell, C. eds., 2012.Qualitative organizational research: core methods and current challenges. Sage. Thomson, K. and van Niekerk, J., 2012. Combating information security apathy by encouraging prosocial organisational behaviour.Information Management Computer Security,20(1), pp.39-46. Tyler, T., 2014. Interpersonal treatment, social identity, and organizational behavior.Social identity at work: Developing theory for organizational practice, p.155. van Dijke, M., De Cremer, D., Mayer, D.M. and Van Quaquebeke, N., 2012. When does procedural fairness promote organizational citizenship behavior? Integrating empowering leadership types in relational justice models.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes,117(2), pp.235-248. Vivek, S.A., 2016. Impact of Organizational Citizenship Behavior on Managerial Effectiveness.Prabandhan: Indian Journal of Management,9(2), pp.7-18. Weick, K.E., 2012.Making sense of the organization, Volume 2: The impermanent organization(Vol. 2). John Wiley Sons.

Ethnographic Essay free essay sample

The ethnography I chose to do my reaction paper was called ‘Anxious Pleasures: The Sexual Lives of an Amazonian People’ written by Thomas Gregor. This ethnography is about Thomas Gregor and his wife’s visit to the Mehinaku Village in 1967. Gregor was a graduate student of anthropology and decided to take a field trip there to further his studies and better understand the Amazonian people. I could only read a select few pages from this ethnography so it was a little tricky to put down my reaction of it in writing. Becoming aware of how other people around the world think about or view sexual activity was very interesting, although there were definitely a few things that surprised me about their culture and how they view sex. Thomas Gregor did not initially go there to study the sexuality of the Mehinaku but he thought in order to get the full understanding of their culture it was pretty vital to do. We will write a custom essay sample on Ethnographic Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Mehinaku are very open about sex. They have little embarrassment of their sexual desire and even their children will recall the names of their parents’ many lovers. In my opinion I found that a little too much for a child to know, even though it is how they have been brought up their whole lives and that is the way their culture is. At same time I would like to try not to be so ethnocentric and judge them by how they do certain things, but some of the things they do are honestly quite shocking and makes it harder to understand. I found it interesting when I learned that a new father is put under certain restrictions for his son and if he eats forbidden foods or participates in sexual relations it will violate the prohibition and his child will become sick. They have the village shaman come in and help cure the child by sucking out the disease that has somehow made its way into the child all caused by the father’s carelessness. This was fascinating to me because we Americans would not think that eating a â€Å"forbidden food† or having sex would actually cause a child to fall ill, it just seems a little superstitious in my opinion. Another part of this book I came across that caught my attention was that the boys of the village who are around seven or eight  years old are taken from their mothers for â€Å"initiation† where they are told some pretty disturbing things. For example, the young boys are told that semen is the basis of life and growth and in order to develop into men they must consume semen by partaking in oral sex with the older boys. Basically the children do not want anything to do with that so they are then forced into oral intercourse with other younger boys, and after being forced to do this for so long they end up enjoying it and continue to do it with more and more boys so that they can rapidly grow into manly warriors. This is appalling to me because for one the children are still so young and it makes me think that as these children get older they would become very confused with their sexual orientation. Even though I still have a pretty ethnocentric view of all of this and think some of it is quite disturbing it still interests me and I still enjoy learning about different cultures and how much they vary all around the world. I am sure that if the Mehinaku were to come to America and see the way we do certain things here the y would be pretty shocked as well. As I continue to learn more about different cultures across the globe I hope to become much less ethnocentric and more understanding.

Smoking Weed and Tobacco usage essays

Smoking Weed and Tobacco usage essays Smoking is a very significant issue in the world today. Smoking tobacco and marijuana are both important issues in society today. I always see commercials on TV against smoking and why you (especially young kids) shouldnt smoke. I was wondering if these commercials and other advertisements were really telling the truth and if smoking was all as bad as they made it out to be. I will do a lot of research on this topic such as if these ads are really true or if they are expanding the truth or even if they are lying. I will do most of my research on the Internet and maybe an encyclopedia or magazine. I know smoking tobacco is bad for you. I know that it has many negative short and long term effects on its users. I also know that it can be addictive. What I know about marijuana is that it is illegal and is sometimes referred to as the gateway drug that gets you into more harmful and expensive drugs. For a lot of people, this is not true though. I assume that smoking marijuana is not very bad for you because there arent very many things that are bad for you when you smoke it. I know that it does sometimes cause short term memory loss and maybe it makes you paranoid but these symptoms are not present in all users. Smoking tobacco I think, is much more harmful and dangerous because of its known effects even short term such as decreased blood circulation and cold hands and feet. These symptoms happen after only 24 hours after you smoke a cigarette. I also assume that marijuana will be legalized in a very short time because of its wide use and also because there are too many crimes related to marijuana where people are caught with a small amount of the substance but are put in jail for long periods of time. Most marijuana users are harmless to the public and smoking marijuana does not make you a threat to the public, as sometimes drinking alcohol does and that is legal....

Team Working and Effectiveness in Health and Social Care Research Proposal

Team Working and Effectiveness in Health and Social Care - Research Proposal Example The main objective of this project is to establish a practice development work thus enhancing and promoting good teamwork and effectiveness as an important aspect in improving health and social care outcomes. The desired outcome of the project is to identify the tools and ideas for attaining good teamwork and effectiveness in both social and health care facilities (Carnwell 2008, 76). The project proposal underlying assumption will be done on both the health and social care organizations settings. In preparation of this project, an inter professional survey team will carry out various in-depth interviews among several informants in the health and social care systems. Additionally, the group of surveyors will undertake a wide range review on grey literature on some of the teamwork components; teamwork effectiveness, intervention types, dynamics in both health care and social care, and finally, policies on teamwork in both social and healthcare systems in Britain. Teamwork generally en tails work performed by several allies with each of the associates playing an equal part in the task (Drinka 2000, 23). In health and social care facilities, the aspect of team working entails the dynamic process that involves more than one health or social care professional with corresponding skills and backgrounds, sharing a similar social or health goal. Additionally, it entails exercising concerted mental and physical effort in planning, assessing or patient care evaluation (Drinka 2000, 27). In social care, teamwork refers to the behaviors, which help in facilitating effective team member cooperation. Alternatively, team is defined as more than one individual who effectively perform related tasks or cooperate with other individuals dynamically. The group might be sharing a similar past or foreseeable-shared future. Fate can also help the aspect of team working in a social environ (Drinka 2000, 30).

Sexual Offenders and Predators Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Sexual Offenders and Predators - Term Paper Example This paper will provide statistical information in the hope to empirically determine whether reporting requirements influence the recidivating behavior of a convicted sex offender or predator. Specifically, this paper will study recidivism rates among registered sex offenders after release from incarceration or from any forms of legal punishment in two different states: 1.) State of California, which last amended registration and notification requirements in 2002; 2.) State of Alaska, which appended new reporting requirements in 2009. The rape and murder of seven year old Megan Kanka by a two-time convicted sex offender Jesse Timmendequas in 1994 spawned the Megan’s Law in 1996. Though Megan’s Law varies from state to state, it only has one general goal anyway: to notify communities when a sex offender resides within their location and to provide them necessary information about the offender (Larson, 2003). Like Megan’s Law, Wetterling Crimes against Children and Sexually Violent Offender Registration Act (named after Jacob Wetterling who was murdered when he was eleven) also requires sex offenders to register. The Pam Lychner Sexual Offender Tracking and Identification Act assisted the effort of creating a national database to track down sexual offenders (â€Å"Megan’s Law, registered,† n.d.). Now, the information can be accessed among states. Though registration and notification laws do not serve as a further castigation, they were never offender-friendly. Lawmakers go to argue that the personal interests and privacy of the sex offenders are just the least of the government’s concern compared to the general safety (â€Å"Megan’s Law, registered,† n.d.). Furthermore, information withheld and disclosed is up to the good judgment of the state government (Klaas, 2008). There are only two major ends to these laws: to deter sex offenders to re-offend and to promote public safety. Offenders

Enhancing Orientation of Graduate Nurses

Enhancing Orientation of Graduate Nurses Introduction Graduate nurses have many learning needs as they enter into the nursing workforce and they must continue to improve on their basic learning skills and competencies while attempting to learn new complex nursing skills (Phillips, Kenny, Esterman, Smith, 2014). All areas of nursing present many challenges, therefore orientation to the area requires a tailored and holistic approach for new graduate nurses (Dyess Sherman, 2009). This paper will focus on enhancing orientation for graduate nurses. This paper will provide the readers with an analytical discussion of relevant literature as well as a clear rationale for the need to change and improve orientation for graduate nurses. A thorough detailed change management plan will be implemented using Lippitt’s seven steps of change. Furthermore, strategies for assessing outcomes will be discussed, outlining the success rate post implementation. Lastly, this paper will summarise and highlight the main issues for this change. Discussion Graduate nurses entering the nursing workforce are required to possess a wide variety of skills and up to date competencies in order to function as beginning professionals (MacDonald, 2014). The learning curve does not stop once a student has completed their Bachelor of Nursing Degree, in fact, it is just the start for graduate nurses with several issues that they need to face (MacDonald, 2014). These include nursing shortages, advancements in technology and an aging population with increased health care needs (MacDonald, 2014). The development of formal orientation programs in health care is critical in the recruitment and retention of nursing staff (Robitaille, 2013). Recent literature demonstrates that a comprehensive, well thought out program can reduce adjustment periods for novice nurses, minimise turnover and establish a solid foundation for a productive and lengthy career (Charleston, 2014). According to Charleston (2004), the main reason for orientation during the Graduate N urse Program are to enhance skills and knowledge in the new graduate, to facilitate the addition of theory and practice and to ease the new graduates’ transition from university life to the clinical setting (Charleston, 2014). According to Chestnutt and Everhart (2007), graduate nurses entering a clinical area must receive appropriate orientation that meets their required needs, provides exceptional support and communication with all health professionals (Chestnutt Everhart, 2007). Structural empowerment, being able to manage workload, fairness, organisational values and leadership are significantly related to job satisfaction, therefore making a graduate nurse more likely to not leave the nursing profession (Junttila, 2014). Orientation to a hospital or ward add to graduate nurses’ ability to perform duties, increase confidence, competence and job satisfaction. It also lowers the turnover rate and enhances the quality of nursing care, for example; decreasing medication errors (Junttila, 2014). Travele (2007) states, â€Å"An inexperienced nurse’s knowledge is theory based because he or she lacks the wisdom that defines an experienced nurse. Targeted education needs to be progressive to engage this computer-savvy generation in learning†. A useful way to simplify orientation and capitalise on educator resources, is to offer online courses. Therefore, this paper will provide a change management plan to implement a wiki (website) to improve orientation to new graduate nurses. This will allow graduate nurses to communicate and share information with other graduate nurses, as well as be able to access visual aids such as links on clinical procedures. This will enhance their knowledge, clinical skills and be able to socialise with others, which in turn, will make for an easier transition from university to the clinical setting. Rationale The reason for the initial promoting of change to improve orientation for all graduate nurses was feedback from current and previous graduate nurses from Holmesglen Hospital on their experience of when they were orientated to the hospital and their specific ward. A graduate nurse, reflecting back on her transition process during orientation provided a simple but powerful statement representative of her experience: â€Å"I thought, I’m an RN now, so I have to know the answers. I can’t say I’m a student anymore. I worry about not knowing enough, not knowing what to do. Should I do this, or should I do that? Did I miss anything? I feel like I’m walking a fine line.† (Rush, Adamack, Gordon, Lilly, Janke, 2013) Other statements from previous nurses included: â€Å"One day during orientation, I came onto the floor like I normally do. It was on my schedule to be on this floor with this person. So I go in there, and I take report on all my patients, and they call back and tell me you are going to the fifth floor tonight. It was four o’clock when I was told I had to switch floors and preceptors. I thought to myself, what are they doing? You are confusing me and screwing me up. It was very frustrating.† (Rush et al., 2013; St Clair, 2013) â€Å"The first few months were the hardest and the most stressful time for me, I was overwhelmed with so many resources during orientation, I didn’t know where to start.† (Phillips et al., 2014) To address these challenges, it is vital that graduate nurses are provided with a transition framework that facilitates their growth and the achievement of their potential. These studies described graduate nurses’ transition experiences as they were walking the fine line between student and nurse (Romyn et al., 2009). Change Management Plan To enable sustainable change, nurses need to take the lead in managing it (Davies, 2014). Lippitt’s phases can be used in nursing practice especially with the advancement in technology, the nature of healthcare organizations, and professional standards. Although we experience change every day, nurses have a difficult time embracing â€Å"planned† change. As presented in the discussion, the use of a wiki (website) can provide nurses with educational material, links to relevant websites on practical skills and procedures and it can provide a place to communicate with other nurses, preceptors, other graduate nurses, and the rest of the graduate team. The change management theory that will guide the implementation of the proposed project of improving orientation for graduate nurses will be outlined using Lippitt’s seven steps of change. 1. Diagnoses of the problem. According to Lippitt et al. (2014), this stage involves a change agent that may notice that an intervention or change would benefit the system or person and offers assistance (Swansburg, 2014). A change agent is someone who acts as a catalyst for change (Swansburg, 2014). During this phase, there was formal and informal feedback from past and current graduate nurses about their experiences during orientation which prompted a need for change. The goals of the project would be a) enhance graduate nurses’ orientation to a clinical setting, b) support the new graduate nurses while improving their education and c) improving professional communication through information technology. This first stage of change would involve speaking to the Holmesglen educators and nurse managers to discuss how this change could be implemented into the orientation of new graduate nurses. Providing awareness, having adequate support and outlining the benefits that this project could offer to new graduates and staff would be the main focus of this phase. After the support and contribution of the key stakeholders, then the second stage of the change process can be established. 2. Assessing the motivation and capacity for the change Phase two will involve the change agent gaining the trust of the key stakeholders as well as anyone who will be involved within the nursing workforce in order to proceed with the project. If trust is not shown, then it becomes hard to influence any motivation for anything to change (Belcher Jones, 2009). An important part of this phase is to see how the group perceives the change agent and the motivation to the possible change. During this phase, it is important to approach it a sensitive and appropriate manner due to the fact that new graduate nurses will be excited to start their graduate nurse program but as well be scared about their career (Dyess Sherman, 2009; St Clair, 2013). The recipients of this project which are the graduate nurses, will hopefully want to gain the best possible orientation into their nursing workforce and take advantage of the resources that will be provided. However, there also can be a barrier because at this stage the graduate nurses will have potential overload of information that they have been giving in relation to their new nursing career. Therefore, it will be important to introduce the wiki (website) to their education and practice at a specific time. 3. Assessing the resources and motivation of the change agent Information must be collected regarding the situation in the workplace and why the project would benefit staff. One way to collect this information it to talk to other past and current graduate nurses on their experiences. If the motivation of new graduate nurses is there and they are willing to change the way in which orientations are run, then it makes it a lot easier for the change agent. A meeting to discuss what staff would like to present and offer within the website would be beneficial so that they feel that they are involved in the process of change. If a meeting were to be compulsory then, a presentation about â€Å"Wikis and website programs† and what they involve needs to be implemented. At some point during the presentation, it would be useful to provide the rationale behind the change and to state the benefits of its use. The one off meeting would be targeted towards new graduates but all staff can be present as they may want to access the website at some point in their career as well. All graduate nurses and other nurses all displayed an expression of interest in the meeting on the use of a website through formal and informal feedback. 4. Defining the progressive stages of change The fourth stage of planned change involves specifying the objectives of the change, charting out exactly how the change will be achieved, and the length of time you anticipate the plan will take (Daly, 2014). A pilot or trial period of the project also may be helpful at this point to allow for evaluation of the change, and to modify the plan if necessary (Daly, 2014). During this phase, the group will begin to formulate their ideas about the change. According to Lippitt et al. (2014), problems may arise in relation to motivation when the group starts to express intentions and actions towards the planned change (Swansburg, 2014). These problems can occur due to anxiety about the change or fear of failing the change (Daly, 2014). A trial procedure was offered involving the change which may help to alleviate symptoms such as anxiety and fear, therefore accepting the idea for change. In the development of a wiki (website), this will hopefully enhance orientation to graduate nurses. Once all staff members are aware of how the website can improve their practice and increase their knowledge, then hopefully they will be more willing to accept the change. 5. Ensuring the roles and responsibilities of the change agents are clear and understood Phase five involves choosing the appropriate role of the change agent. The role of the change agent during the change process is critical to the success of the plan (Davies, 2014). Failure to define the role of the change agent can result in confusion and a breakdown in communications (Davies, 2014). The change agent will ensure that all staff feel that they are well supported and encouraged to work towards actual efforts based on their intentions. The first step would be the actual creation of the website, followed by an active demonstration to the group that could be performed on the site. An example of a demonstration and activity that could be presented could be a link to a website where answers to clinical practice questions are found. This part would be very brief but most importantly informative in order to display simplicity to the work environment. Throughout the wiki, there could be links to clinical skills and techniques as well as up to date evidence based articles that will provide the best practice guidelines. Visual aids such as videos of procedures would also be very helpful for graduate nurses who may not get to experience assisting with a specific procedure during their orientation. These videos give the graduate nurses a visual aid so that when they are faced with this in their practice they at least have background knowledge and are able to visually recall what took place during the procedure even though they have not performed it on a patient. 6. Maintaining the change through feedback, and group coordination The key to maintaining the change is keeping the lines of communication open (Davies, 2014). Frequent, ongoing discussions by staff regarding the change will need to continue as each step in the plan is implemented, evaluated, and revised as necessary. During the implementation of the project, the focus will be to target new graduate nurses entering the nursing profession to improve their orientation. If the project is well received, then the inclusion of the website into the orientation will be not only useful for graduate nurses but can also be beneficial for other employees entering the nursing profession with no prior experience/graduate program. It can also aid as a review system for existing staff that may want to access the visual aids or articles to review some procedures that they may not come across day to day. There will also be ongoing debriefs, where anonymous feedback forms will be distributed to all participants to ensure confidentiality. New graduates will also be informed of the change and will be asked to give feedback on the quality of the new change and the use of the website. According to Lippitt et all. (2014), â€Å"One critical factor in the stabilization of change is the spread or non-spread of change to neighbouring systems† (Swansburg, 2014). If the use of a website i in Holmesglen Hospital spreads from the target group of graduate nurses to other staff members, this would show that stabilisation of the intervention is occurring. 7. Gradually removing the change agents the relationship Phase seven involves termination by the change agent, leaving the system or the organization to maintain the change (Davies, 2014). All graduate nurse will be able to have ongoing involvement with the group and staff members as well as the other key stakeholders; nurse educators and nurse managers on the wiki. However, the goal of the wiki is that it becomes a way to contribute to discussions and share knowledge with the group. With ongoing use of the website, graduate nurses will become more comfortable using the website and will be more likely to interact and use it. Therefore, nurses will be able to contribute their knowledge and participate more readily to discussions. Strategies for measuring outcomes The reason why to measure change, is to monitor progress, identify the next steps, learn from the process for practice, monitor implementation and to identify whether the desired goals have been achieved (Bond, 2013). Some ways to measure this change will include using questionnaires and surveys which are quick and easy to gather data from people in a non-threatening way as well as observation by gathering accurate information about how the change is processing (Bond, 2013). Another strategy will include having monthly check-ins with the supervisors, nurse managers, and leaders to capture successes and challenges (Bond, 2013). Furthermore, using direct observation from an outsider to see if the change has been implemented correctly with a positive change (Bond, 2013). During this change, there should be a comparison of the new graduate nurses before using the website and after they finished their orientation, this will identify participant’s motivation, support and behaviour during and after the change. Interviewing the graduate nurses’ one on one as they will be able to provide feedback about the new change and insight of what needs to be changed. Once all of the feedback and data on how the change went, data analysis should be completed. This would be performed using a software on the computer. It would be able to determine any improvement since starting the change to the end of the change, and then, be able to improve for the new graduate nurses that will be coming through next year and the year after. Lastly, when measuring change, one must communicate, engage and reflect to ensure the change process is acceptable and sustainable (Bond, 2013). Summary and Conclusion Within this paper, a discussion was addressed to encourage staff involvement in the process and offer opportunities to enhance learning during the challenging time of orientation for new graduate nurses. Additionally, a rationale for why the change needs to be implemented was identified. Furthermore, Lippitt’s seven stages was used to implement the change. Lippitt’s seven stages of change closely aligns with the nursing process and is appropriate for a variety of settings to implement change. Being aware of the needs of staff members as well as the barriers to change that may be met is vital for moving this initiative change forward. With the implementation of this change, it may be a valuable learning opportunity for new graduate nurses that could improve and enhance their orientation experience and promote a smoother transition into the nursing profession.

Population of China and Gender Imbalance Essay

China’s one child policy was established by Chinese leader Deng Xiaoping in 1979 to limit China’s population growth. It was designated as a â€Å"temporary measure,† to limit couples to just one child. Those who fail to follow the law are subjected to fines, pressures to do abortion, and forced sterilization. In 1979, the Chinese government embarked on an ambitious program of market reform following the stagnation of the economy after the Cultural Revolution. At the time, China was home to a quarter of the world’s people, who were occupying just 7 percent of world’s arable land. Two thirds of the population was under the age of 30 years, and the baby boomers of the 1950s and 1960s were entering their reproductive years. The government saw strict population containment as essential to economic reform and to an improvement in living standards. So the one-child family policy was introduced. The policy consists of a set of regulations governing the approved size of Chinese families. These regulations include restrictions on family size, late marriage and childbearing, and the spacing of children (in cases in which second children are permitted). The State Family Planning Bureau sets the overall targets and policy direction. Family-planning committees at provincial and county levels devise local strategies for implementation. Despite its name, the one-child rule applies to a minority of the population; for urban residents and government employees, the policy is strictly enforced, with few exceptions. The exceptions include families in which the first child has a disability or both parents work in high-risk occupations (such as mining) or are themselves from one-child families (in some areas). The policy has been estimated to have reduced population growth in the country of 1. 3 billion by as much as 300 million people over its first twenty years of existence. However, this rule has caused a bias against female infants; abortion, neglect, abandonment, and even infanticide have been known to occur to female infants. The use of IUDs, sterilization, and abortion are China’s most popular forms of birth control. However, over the past few years, China has provided more education and support for alternative birth control methods. This shift in focus on implementing this family planning policy was partly in reaction to what happened in 2007 when there were reports that in the southwestern Guangxi Autonomous Region of China, officials were forcing pregnant women without permission to give birth to have abortions and levying steep fines on families violating the law. As a result, riots broke out and some population control officials may have been killed. The result of such family planning policy has resulted in the disparate ratio of 114 males for every 100 females among babies from birth through children four years of age. Normally, 105 males are naturally born for every 100 females. When the Chinese government introduced the policy in 1979 to alleviate social, economic, and environmental problems in China, authorities claim that the policy has prevented 250 million births from its implementation to 2000. However, the policy is controversial both within and outside China because of the manner in which the policy has been implemented, and because of concerns about negative economic and social consequences. The policy has been implicated in an increase in of forced abortions and female infanticide, and has been suggested as a possible cause behind China’s significant gender imbalance. Despite these negative reports, favorable feedback from this policy is heard from the families themselves. Since the introduction of the one-child policy, the total fertility rate in China has fallen from over two births per woman to approximately 1. 7 births today. In total, China estimates that it has three to four hundred million fewer people today, with the one-child policy, than it would have had otherwise. The reduction in the fertility rate and thus population growth has reduced the severity of problems that come with overpopulation, like epidemics, slums, overwhelmed social services (such as health, education, law enforcement), and strain on the ecosystem from abuse of fertile land and production of high volumes of waste. Another favorable feedback as a result of this policy is that it is reported that the focus of China on population control helps provide a better health service for women and a reduction in the risks of death and injury associated with pregnancy. Increased involvement of women in the labor force is also another positive feedback. Women have traditionally been the primary caregivers for children; however, with fewer children, they have more time to invest in their careers, increasing both their personal earnings and the national GDP. Another feedback that appeals to environmentalists is that, with the policy, there is decreased environmental impact. China’s one child policy has the indirect consequence of reducing China’s total ecological footprint and thus reducing strain on ecological resources. Despite these successes, however, the one-child only policy draws criticisms from many quarters. First, the one-child policy has been criticized by human rights advocacy groups and Western religious groups, including some evangelical Christians, as well as by pro-life advocates. Within China, criticism tends to be focused on potential social problems caused by the policy. A second type of criticism has come from those who acknowledge the challenges stemming from China’s high population growth but believe that less intrusive options could have achieved the same results over an extended period of time. One very important concern was the human rights factor. The one-child policy is challenged in principle and in practice over violating basic human rights. Reported abuses in its enforcement include bribery, coercion, forced sterilization, forced abortion, and possibly infanticide. Even though in 2002, China outlawed the use of physical force to make a woman submit to an abortion or sterilization, it is not entirely enforced. In the execution of the policy many local governments still demand abortions if the pregnancy violates local regulations. Some critics also point to the possible economic and emotional costs the policy may bring to the people. As the one-child policy begins to near its next generation, one adult child is left with having to provide support for his or her two parents and four grandparents. This leaves the older generation with more of a dependency on retirement funds or charity, rather than their children in order to have support. If a child cannot care for their parents and grandparents, or if that child cannot survive, the oldest generation could find itself destitute. Another social problem seen is when some parents may over-indulge their only-child. The media referred to the indulged children in one-child families as â€Å"little emperors†. Since the 1990s, some people worry this will result in a higher tendency toward poor social communication and cooperation skills among the new generation, as they have no siblings at home. One important focus among sociologists is the issue of gender imbalance. China, like many other Asian countries, has a long tradition of son preference. Many argue that the one-child policy induces many families to use selective abortion, abandon female infants, and even kill female infants under the influence of the son preference. Some families even kill or starve the female infant and then try again for a male child. The commonly accepted explanation for son preference is that sons in rural families may be thought to be more helpful in farm work. Sons are preferred as they provide the primary financial support for the parents in their retirement, and a son’s parents typically are better cared for than his wife’s. In addition, Chinese traditionally view that daughters, on their marriage, become primarily part of the groom’s family. Becaue of this gender bias the sex ratio at birth (between male and female births) in mainland China reached 117:100 in the year 2000, substantially higher than the natural baseline, which ranges between 103:100 and 107:100. It had risen from 108:100 in 1981 — at the boundary of the natural baseline — to 111:100 in 1990. According to a report by the State Population and Family Planning Commission, there will be 30 million more men than women in 2020, potentially leading to social instability. The correlation between the increase of sex ratio disparity on birth and the deployment of one child policy would appear to have been caused by the one-child policy.

Political Socialization Essay

Have you ever thought about why you have the political beliefs and values you do? Where did they come from? Are they simply your own ideas and experiences or have you been influenced by others in your thinking? This process by which individuals acquire their political beliefs and attitudes is called political socialization. In another words, Political socialization is a concept where the study of the developmental processes by which children and adolescents acquire political cognition, attitudes and behaviors. What people think and how they come to think it is of critical importance to the stability of the government. The beliefs and values of the people are the basis for a society’s political culture and that culture defines the parameters of political life and governments? action. There are many agents that influence in one degree or another individual’s political socialization. Factors such as: family, friends, teachers, media, religion, race, gender, age and geography all influence us in one way or another during our childhood years. By now you should know that most political opinions are formed during childhood and many political ideas are passed down from parents to their children through them expressing their beliefs. When I was growing up I formed many opinions and attitudes due to the fact my parents were feeling that way. Growing up during in early/mid 1990? s in Bosnia wasn? t easy. With a country in a full scale war people were looking for help. A country that just few years earlier hosted and showed the world a great Winter Olympic Games was in need of help, but no one answered. People started forming their own opinions and theories about the world that has turned their back on them, including my parents. There was very limited access of what was happening in the world available to the people. I can clearly remember trying to figure out what is happening on my own and listening to my parents and trying to form something out of it. I lived in Sarajevo, where it was impossible to get in or out the city for the first year or so. Even with the United Nations present in the city I always asked myself why don? t they end this? To this day, questions always reappear in my mind about the international polices and innerving in a war when so many people are dying. How many lives does it take before the world powers and the most honored world governments sit down and a peace treaty is signed? For me this experience made me establish my own opinions about government and political views. With my parents constantly debating about who started the war, why aren? t the Americans coming, where is the humanitarian aid and many other questions concerning government policies, made me favor what my parents were saying and agree with them. By 1995, most of the fighting has stopped and siege was over and school back in session. Now, more views were formed to enforce what I been hearing at home, but as well some made me look at things in a different as well. I started to develop my own thoughts that have been flooded with so much hate during my childhood. Schools played a really influential agent, after the family, due to the extended exposure to a variety of political beliefs. My friends and teachers, both respected sources of information in one way or another made me look at the world in a different way. I always to this date keep asking myself some of the same questions my parents debated about. I just can? t let it go. Why did so many people get shot, murdered, raped and killed in Srebrenica? In a U. N safe zone, but it still happened. School thought us the history and not to forget. With school back in session, so was the television, newspaper and other sources of mass media. Media took over and attempted to reshape what we all have experienced in the previews five years for the benefit of their own profit. Foreign investors came in and took advantage of others need at a very cheap cost. I remember, first commercial on the national television was about the new mall what was to replace the shelled down Olympic village and the new president was going to be at ceremony. New lottery game was advertised everywhere with faces of political party members. It like nothing has happening the year before. Another factors started to surface with me. Did a religion cause this terrible war? With so much talk about genocide and ethnic cleansing, religion was being though in school. At that time it was unbelievably hard to form your own opinions with so much information being fed to you by the mass media and government policies. Today, I look back to everything that has happened and how did I come to the thoughts and opinions I have about politics. Family was a primary influence in the development of my political orientation, mainly due to constant relationship between my parents and I. Schools became a source to enforce what I been hearing at home. Then Mass Media took over and tried to paint a picture of functions as a political information-giver to adolescents and young children. With placing political figures in everyday life and association with political parties, I can only imagine what their goal was. The earliest socialization I believed is the deepest one because i favored with what parents have been going along with. Their political party favor and mine today however now that I am old enough and been influenced by a different culture I am beginning to rethink many views on our world today.

RN to BSN Program Nursing Students Discuss Financial Payoffs of Higher Education 2019

Does earning a Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) lead to significant increases in salary? The answer, it seems, is not so simple. RN to BSN Program Students Share Their Opinions 36 Registered Nurses (RNs) enrolled in an RN to BSN program. shared their thoughts on the matter. Most responders agreed that there is little difference in pay between a diploma, Associate Degree (AD), and BSN nurse in the same position. However, many students predicted they would see more money in the bank after graduation. RN to BSN Program Credentials Pay Survey responders reported that earning a BSN leads to more promotion opportunities, which translates into higher pay. Students expected to be more marketable to potential employers at the completion of the RN to BSN program. Many also predicted a future that will involve more distinctive pay differences between diploma, AD, and BSN nursing professionals. .u6521ab4ab67486a4fec5757e9d8c4747 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u6521ab4ab67486a4fec5757e9d8c4747:active, .u6521ab4ab67486a4fec5757e9d8c4747:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u6521ab4ab67486a4fec5757e9d8c4747 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u6521ab4ab67486a4fec5757e9d8c4747 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u6521ab4ab67486a4fec5757e9d8c4747 .post Title { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u6521ab4ab67486a4fec5757e9d8c4747:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ Washington Colleges and Universities Pursuing Online and Campus Based Education in WashingtonBeyond Money: RN to BSN Program Students Discover Personal Satisfaction The majority of RN to BSN program students cited personal satisfaction as more important than salary increases. Money should never be the motivation for returning to school, said a 25-year-old student. RN to BSN program credentials come with higher rewards, such as being a better patient advocate and agent of change. Another student viewed higher education as a duty to the profession of nursing. Completing an RN to BSN program promotes higher education for nurses, which elevates the field to a position of higher respect. For more information about completing an RN to BSN program, prospective students are encouraged to fill out an information request form from the school of their choice. Additional nursing resources are also available through College-Pages.com, the leading education and career resource website. Related ArticlesOnline BSN Program Do Employers Differentiate between ADN and BSN NursesBachelor Degree in Business Focus Business Career Options with an Emphasis in FinanceOnline and Campus Based Education in North CarolinaOnline Nursing Class Programs Employment in Long-Term Care Expected to GrowWhy College Students FailEducational Psychology Academic-Minded Psychology Students Wanted in the Field of Educational Psychology .u5a2e558105bff717cceebc5c82d92810 { padding:0px; margin: 0; padding-top:1em!important; padding-bottom:1em!important; width:100%; display: block; font-weight:bold; background-color:#eaeaea; border:0!important; border-left:4px solid #34495E!important; box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -moz-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -o-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); -webkit-box-shadow: 0 1px 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.17); text-decoration:none; } .u5a2e558105bff717cceebc5c82d92810:active, .u5a2e558105bff717cceebc5c82d92810:hover { opacity: 1; transiti on: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; text-decoration:none; } .u5a2e558105bff717cceebc5c82d92810 { transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; } .u5a2e558105bff717cceebc5c82d92810 .ctaText { font-weight:bold; color:inherit; text-decoration:none; font-size: 16px; } .u5a2e558105bff717cceebc5c82d92810 .postTitle { color:#000000; text-decoration: underline!important; font-size: 16px; } .u5a2e558105bff717cceebc5c82d92810:hover .postTitle { text-decoration: underline!important; } READ How to Start Your Own Accounting Business